American Parties. How Do They Work?

I continue to be frustrated and amazed at the basic lack of understanding by people who should understand.

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In yet another dog-bites-man story, James Carville has been ranting. Mediate reports: ‘I’m Done, I’m Not in That F*cking Political Party’: James Carville Freaks Out After Progressives Win Big in Democratic Primaries.

On Wednesday’s Politicon podcast, Carville freaked out at the results. He noted that Avila Chevalier, who was born to Dominican immigrants, once said white people should not be in interracial marriages.

“Lady, I ain’t in the same party as you,” Carville said. “I’m sorry. I’m just not. And I actually do think it’s time for Democrats to talk the ‘s’ word: schism. I really do. Everybody’s always said, ‘No, no. We’re a coalition. We’re a big tent. And there’s just some sh*t I can’t be in the same tent with.”

Carville then insisted that despite winning their Democratic primaries, “these people are not Democrats.” He then suggested that establishment Democrats “negotiate the terms of a schism” with democratic socialists in the party.

“But I’m done,” he continued. “I’m not in that f*cking political party. I am totally comfortable in a political party that spends time questioning the policies of the government of Israel. In fact, I’m enthusiastic about that. I don’t want to be in a political party that denies the right of the state of Israel to exist. That’s just not– I just can’t do that.”

FWIW, Chevalier did tweet some objectionable things in the past. I am not interested, at the moment (and perhaps never), in litigating those items, because they are irrelevant to whether or not she is the Democratic nominee, and therefore, definitionally a Democrat.

So, two major points.

First, the United States contains within its broader politics the ingredients for more than two parties. It is simply not natural (and I use that word deliberately) for a large society to cleave into only two camps of collective interest. We have two parties for largely mechanical reasons. A different set of institutional parameters would allow, for example, people whose interests map better onto a progressive party to cohere into such a party. There are at least four obvious parties in the United States: a progressive party, a moderate-left party, a moderate-right party, and MAGA (the reactionary right).

Second, because our system (i.e., plurality elections in single-seat districts, the usage of primaries, and a number of other structures) funnels us into two parties, and because primaries open the door wide for anyone who wants to be one of the two collectives (providing that they win enough votes), this means both parties are coalitional in nature. Further, because of the porous nature of the nomination system and because centralized leadership of consequence does not exist in either party, it is nonsensical to say that a person who won a Democratic primary isn’t a Democrat.

Carville can symbolically quit the party, or he can change his voter registration in Louisiana to unaffiliated, but beyond that, what is he going to do? Vote for Republicans because a nominee for the Democratic Party in New York once tweeted some questionable things?

It is all just so much nonsense.

It all reminds me of a post I wrote almost sixteen years ago: All Republicans are RINOs (and all Democrats are DINOs). As I said at the time:

I want to take this opportunity to discuss the term “RINO” (i.e., Republican in Name Only) and suggest that it is actually a redundancy.  Specifically, all Republicans (and Democrats and Libertarians, etc.) are only Republicans because they choose to use the label “Republican” to describe themselves.

Hence:  Senator Richard Shelby is a Republican because he had a press conference saying that he was no longer a Democrat and likewise Arlen Specter is a Democrat and not a Republican because, well, he said so.

You can do the same with any number of figures over time, including, off the top of my head, Phil Gramm and Ben Nighthorse Campbell as well as former Alabama Governor Fob James.  Other recent examples include Charlie Crist and Joe Lieberman.

On one level the label only tells us 1)  what party nominated the candidate in the first place via the primary process, and 2) what party’s caucus the individual will affiliate with once in Congress, which matters in terms of voting for leadership as well as things such as determining the ratio of Republicans to Democrats on committees.

Certainly as a shorthand for voters as well as for an organizing principle for the internal structures of the legislature, party label is quite important—in many ways moreso for the latter than the former.

I know that this is one in my herd of hobby horses, but there is simply no mechanism to control who is a “Democrat” save the primaries, and there is simply no centralized way to determine what they believe. Carville can rant all he likes, but that’s the way it works. I would say that surely he knows this, but I hear enough people who should know better say enough ignorant things that I am to the point of just taking people at their word.

Meanwhile, the press desperately wants a simple frame for a set of progressives winning some (not all!) primaries.

However, when we turn to people with more formal training in these areas, like Jonathan Bernstein, we get responses like this:

I don’t expect the socialist-aligned candidates nominated by New York Democrats on Tuesday for House seats to cause a lot of trouble for Democratic leadership if that party does win a majority in 2026. For one thing, there are really only a handful of House Democrats who identify as socialists. For another the party dynamics are totally different. The radicals in the House Freedom Caucus owe a lot of their influence to the fact that most of the House Republican conference want to be considered hard-line conservatives. But most House Democrats will be perfectly happy to allow some perceived distance between themselves and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (and her to-be DSA colleagues).

But the bigger reason that “Freedom Caucus of the Left” talk gets it wrong is because at least so far AOC and her allies in the House have been interested in winning policy battles and taking on Republicans. Yes, they are trying to shift the party in several policy areas; in fact, I think that’s far more true for them than for the radical Republicans. But AOC has demonstrated that one can be a policy outlier (or perhaps even a policy extremist) while also being a serious legislator. That can make her a formidable presence when trying to put together a bill – but as a tough bargainer, not an obstacle playing mostly to party-aligned media.

The emphases (all mine) note the following.

  1. The progressive wing is small.
  2. A main influence of the MAGA wing of the GOP is the degree to which even ostensibly “normal” Republicans feel the need to be perceived as MAGA (or have basically become MAGA, whether they are formally in the Freedom Caucus or not). I don’t predict that because a few more progressives won seats, that normie Democrats are going to be tripping over themselves to emulate AOC.
  3. AOC and her allies, unlike the Freedom Caucus, believe in using government to do things. This incentivizes negotiation and working together, not just blowing things up. The dynamic is almost certainly going to be different.

Bernstein further notes:

over time the types that have given Democratic leaders on the Hill the biggest headaches have been either idiosyncratic Senators (such as Kyrsten Sinema and John Fetterman) or the least liberal Democrats (such as Joe Manchin, Jared Golden, Henry Cuellar) or both (Holy Joe Lieberman, anyone?).

He goes on to point to another person with expertise in this arena, Jeff Lazarus, who asserted on BlueSky: “I can virtually guarantee that Jeffries (or whoever) will have an easier time with his caucus than Johnson and McCarthy before him have had with the GOP conference for the past 2 Congress.”

Look, I could end up being very wrong about this. Maybe the progressives come in and stomp their feet in some narrow Democratic majority and cause the same kinds of headaches the Freedom Caucus did for McCarthy, and I will write the appropriate mea culpa if that happens. But not only do I think that that is unlikely, it still won’t change the fact that the progressives in question are part of the Democratic Party unless they choose to declare it otherwise, because that’s how parties work in the United States.

16 responses to “American Parties. How Do They Work?”

  1. but there is simply no mechanism to control who is a “Democrat” save the primaries, and there is simply no centralized way to determine what they believe.

    Take Texas. It is an open primary state. I voted in the Democratic primary. By law, I am a registered Democrat until midnight, 31 Dec. Then I am unaffiliated unless I either 1) vote in some party’s primary, or 2) go down to a local party precinct convention and sign an oath.

    That’s it. So it is a whole lot of meaninglessness.

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  2. First, I don’t understand how Carville is relevant anymore. He has been wrong for some time now with just about every political prediction he makes.

    Second, I’m sure this is alarm over the socialist takeover of the Democratic party. I do think Democrats would be smart to control the conversation on how Democrats are being labeled by the right, and I do not think they are wise to embrace terms that are not authentic.

    Finally, I’d love to hear Stevens analysis of what a socialist, democratic socialist, or democrat is, and if ANY of these recently elected Democrats are socialists at all.

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  3. @HelloWorld:

    if ANY of these recently elected Democrats are socialists at all.

    Labels change over time and can have different meanings in different places.

    Still, it is common in Marxist circles to claim that under socialism the state owns the means of production. And only during the next stage of historical progress, after the state has withered away, are the means of production held as communal property – which is also when full-fledged communism finally arrives.

    The USSR, of course, was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, acknowledging that they were still working towards the eventual (and presumably inevitable) communist ideal.

    Which should give you some indication that precisely zero Democrats have ever been socialists properly speaking.

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  4. Jay L. Gischer Avatar
    Jay L. Gischer

    While I would be as delighted as anyone to read Steven holding forth on any political subject, I don’t think how he defines “socialist” or “social democrat” or even “communist” has much meaning.

    In American politics we have the Humpty Dumpty rule: A word means exactly what I want it to mean, nothing more, nothing less. (Taken from Alice in Wonderland)

    Everybody just uses words that they think are punchy and get attention and point people vaguely in the direction they want.

    Being the guy who is doing a “but actually” explanation doesn’t slow any of this down even an iota.

    Now I’m all for knowing things and understanding things better. I think the best foot forward is to engage with ideas and then manifest them as little stories that hit people in their practical, everyday lives.

    For instance, Mamdani wants to have free buses. Mamdani does not want to own the Empire State Building. Nor does he want to take over all the taxis run in the city and make them part of the city-run transit system.

    I kind of prefer really cheap buses to free buses. I am kind of wary of “free” because its distorting. It’s also a great slogan, so I think I lose this one.

    How NYC is run does not have much impact on me, but if this starts something that can kick the billionaires who want to run the country solely for their benefit in the ass, I’m all for it.

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  5. Someone who has worked in electoral politics for as long as Carville has should know that this is a normal, typical swing that happens, particularly under single-party control. Politics follows Newton’s third law of motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

    The behavior of the President and the utter failure of Republicans to do anything to mitigate his worst impulses is, IMHO, directly feeding into hard swings to the left.

    Again, the fact that Carville is pulling out his hair (ha) over this is bizarre.

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  6. @Jen:

    the fact that Carville is pulling out his hair (ha) over this is bizarre.

    Carville’s idiotic tantruming is typical of those with nothing better to do than online politics 24/7/365. Comments sections and the elite commentariat are both full of these outrage mongers.

    Their terminally-online Twitterbrained alternate reality has left them comically out-of-touch and perpetually titling at windmills. Hence the dumb, overbaked headlines about a nonexistent Socialist Tea Party, and the equally-nonexistent terror “centrist” Dems (aka normie libs) are supposedly having over this alleged takeover that doesn’t exist, according to tepid anonymous quotes.

    Just a few notable non-socialist Dems nominated in this week’s election:

    * Cait Conley (NY-17) – pro-Israel Army Special Ops vet, top 2% at West Point, proud lesbian, for Mike Lawler’s upstate swing distract that picked Kamala

    * Micah Lasher (NY-12) – pro-business Jew, for a safe blue Upper East Side seat

    * Rep. Ben McAdams (UT-1) – moderate Mormon incumbent, for SLC’s blue seat

    * Adrian Boafo (MD-5) – mainstream liberal Black Dem, pro-Israel/anti-Netanyahu career politico, for Steny Hoyer’s safe blue seat

    * Brad Lander (NY-10) – a Jewish Mamdani ally, but not a socialist, well-liked longtime member of NYC Dem establishment, for a safe blue Lower Manhattan seat

    * Rep. Ritchie Torres (NY-15) – hated by the anti-Israel left, won (again) in a landslide in the Bronx; so strong an incumbent Mamdani declined to endorse a challenger

    * Chris Gallant (NY-1) – mainstream lib, Blackhawk pilot, firefighter, former ATC; will likely lose but about to become one of the most thirsted-after gays in the country

    There’s literally hundreds of others from this election cycle, but they’re not in the news because they don’t fit the childish hyperventilating narrative.

    The number of self-identified European-style dem socialists (the horror!) increasing from 3 to 5 out of 260 Dems in Congress does not a takeover make. But it’s good for melodramatic clickbait.

    Of course in a caucus that big there’s gonna be a few nuts, so what? The Democratic Party is a rowdy, liberal, big tent party. It will never be a bunch of sheep controlled one powerbroker, one personality, one faction, one ideology, one region, and certainly not by one mayor + one corridor on one island in one city.

    Carville and others who can’t deal with that should indeed find another party. And go outside to touch grass in any case — because it’s clear online discourse is frying their brains. He’s embarrassed himself.

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  7. Funny, when the moderate Dems win, the lefties are chided with reminders that it’s a big tent and we all have to work together. When a leftie wins, James Carville stomps his feet and threatens to take his ball and go home.

    Fuck this guy. I can’t believe we’ve had his cornpone bullshit schtick thrown at us at ever election over the last ten years.

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  8. @wr:

    Fuck this guy. I can’t believe we’ve had his cornpone bullshit schtick thrown at us at ever election over the last ten years.

    He came into the national punditry with Bill Clinton, so we’ve been listening to his shit for over 30 years.

    Do we have a remote island where we can put all of these ancient pundits? I’d say we could create a reality show of him living with David Brooks, but that’s kind of been his schtick with his wife Mary Matlin (his entire persona seems designed to tell boomers “see how even a partisan hack can be friendly or more with the opposition? No reason that your kids should stop speaking to you just because of your politics!”).

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  9. I had this one teed up to write about this morning, but figured you’d get to it. I find Carville generally likeable, and occasionally still insightful, but this sort of thing is just exasperating. In a two-party system where primary voters pick the nominees, you’re going to get some distasteful candidates. I accepted that in my erstwhile party until it reached the highest level.

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  10. @Gustopher:

    He came into the national punditry with Bill Clinton, so we’ve been listening to his shit for over 30 years.

    There is apparently some weird rule in political punditry that once you work for a winning presidential campaign (and even, sometimes, a losing one) you get to be considered An Expert for the rest of your life.

  11. @James Joyner: It was very much right up my alley!

    I think Carville would be fun to have a drink (or several) with. But I will confess to having grown a bit weary of his schtick.

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  12. First – I always wondered how Carville could be married to Mary Matalin, a GOP consultant. I assume the answer is that for them this is just a game. When Carville was on team D the game seemed to require being very centrist, mostly to get some of that sweet corporate money. He was, and is, concerned about politics as a marketing activity, not with governance. And he’s emblematic of the consultant class that managed to give the D party lower approval than the lying, asshole GOPs. Nobody knows what Ds are supposed to stand for beyond “weak”.

    Second – I have a habit of putting quotes around words like “socialist” and “conservative” that in context have little to do with their dictionary definitions. Most definitions of “socialist” still say something about ownership of the means of production, which seems to have little connection to what, say, the Scandinavian “socialists” do.

    Third – You say, Steven, “There are at least four obvious parties in the United States: a progressive party, a moderate-left party, a moderate-right party, and MAGA (the reactionary right).” Carville basically wants Ds to be the moderate-right party. And consistent with the above, I have no real idea what “progressive” means beyond a term people like Carville defensively crouched behind when Gingrich, Luntz, Murdoch, et al somehow made “liberal” a bad word.

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  13. @gVOR10:

    “progressive”

    I am using the term to describe a more activist left that would encompass a more aggressive policy agenda than the moderate-left to include the AOC/Mamdani wing of the party (to use a shorthand).

    I would expect such a party to be more pro-worker (and pro-union), but not in a faux-populist way, to be for higher taxes, especially on the high end, to be in favor of true universal healthcare, and so forth.

    I use “progressive” to mean “actively be in favor of substantive change moving into the future by employing the tools of policy to improve the lives of citizens, with an emphasis on the lower quintiles of wealth” (to use a definition I just kind of made up on the spot, so it needs tweaking). I recognize that the devil is always in the details.

    To further flesh out my categories, I would say this. My two moderate categories represent mostly people who like the status quo, but with the moderate-left being slightly more interested in incremental change that is more middle/lower class oriented and also more liberal on social issues (think Obama), and the moderate right being more oriented towards pro-business and conservative on social issues (GHW Bush, or even Dubya). Both fall roughly under the umbrella of neoliberalism and are largely pro-corporate.

    The reactionary right wants to turn back the clock and has substantial elements of white nationalism.

    The progressive left wants more rapid change or economic fairness and social issues.

  14. @gVOR10:

    I have no real idea what “progressive” means beyond a term people like Carville defensively crouched behind when Gingrich, Luntz, Murdoch, et al somehow made “liberal” a bad word.

    BTW, I understand what you mean here. I also acknowledge that in common discourse, all of these terms (conservative, liberal, progressive, socialist) have only vague meanings.

    I also acknowledge the limitations of a simple left-right spectrum.

  15. They’re going after Chevalier for comments that aren’t really political. For example, she tweeted about black men fetishizing white women. It was rude as hell: she called white women ‘ugly colonizers’.

    But what is the objection here? That race isn’t fetishized? If she hadn’t tweeted it, and just said it to a friend after having a few beers, we wouldn’t know. Because it’s not like she’s talking about laws against fetishizing women racially and there goes 65% of porn. It’s just a thing she said for the record like many in her generation, and she said it once, so she wasn’t ranting about it all the time.

    Same goes with showing up at a rally in support of Palestinian rights on 10/8. What is the objection other than what every moderate and conservative says is ‘virtue signaling’? She should have pretended that Israel wasn’t going to do what Israel did?

    I think this is why there is the freak-out. The DSA is apparently really good in a very competitive political environment at putting out candidates who can win despite somehow not ‘virtue-signaling’ to the establishment. We’ve spent maybe the last decade pretending that leftists were trying to clamp down on freedom of expression, and yet they’re expressing themselves more freely and intelligently and it’s working.

  16. Carvile simply can’t handle a politics in which the government achieves policy wins for its population. To him, politics can only promote companies — and that’s why he belongs in the dustbin of history.