Newspapers and other periodicals in states that have legalized marijuana can’t run ads for marijuana businesses because the United States Postal Service says so:
The U.S. Postal Service issued a policy for newspapers in half the states last week that says they’re breaking the law if they mail any issues containing ads for marijuana products, even though the states have legalized pot.
This parsing of federal law, released by postal officials as national policy after inquiries from Oregon’s congressional delegation, is one of the messy consequences of the movement to legalize cannabis: It’s bought, sold and advertised for recreational and medical use in some states, but still illegal under federal law.
The confusion started in Portland, Ore., where local newspapers have been running ads for dispensaries and manufacturers in the state’s now-booming weed industry after voters legalized recreational pot for adults last year, following medical pot in 1998.
In November, Portland’s postal district issued a memo to newspaper publishers, telling them they are breaking the law by running ads for pot and using the U.S. mail to deliver their papers.
The reason? The U.S. Postal Service is a federal entity. Even though Oregon, Washington, Colorado and Alaska have legalized recreational marijuana and 23 other states have legalized medical pot, any newspaper running ads in those states violates a federal law preventing advertising for illicit goods.
The advertising ban, first reported by the Bulletin of Bend, Oregon, prompted an angry letter to postal officials from most Democrats in the state’s congressional delegation to figure out what was going on. Reps. Earl Blumenauer and Suzanne Bonamici and Sens. Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley accused the Postal Service in a joint statement of being rigid and said the agency should respect the voters’ decision to legalized pot.
“We are working as a delegation to quickly find the best option to address this agency’s intransigence,” the four Democrats wrote, according to published reports. “Unfortunately, the outdated federal approach to marijuana as described in the response from the Postal Service undermines and threatens news publications that choose to accept advertising from legal marijuana businesses in Oregon and other states where voters also have freely decided to legalize marijuana.”
A top Postal Service wrote back last week.
“Based on our review of the [law], we have concluded that advertisements for the sale of marijuana are non-mailable,” wrote Thomas Marshall, USPS general counsel and executive vice president, according to published reports.
Marijuana is listed in the federal Controlled Substances Act like heroin and other drugs. It prohibits advertisements in “any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publications,” Marshall wrote.
“These provisions express Congress’s judgment that the mail should not be used as a means of transmitting advertisements for the sale of marijuana, even if that sale is allowed under state law,” he said.
As a technical matter, the USPS is not saying that these newspapers cannot run advertisements for otherwise legal marijuana businesses and products. If that were the case, it would seem to clearly be a violation of the First Amendment and a prior restraint on publication that is generally disfavored by the law even when it deals with what the Supreme Court has deemed to be “commercial speech.” What they are saying is that publications that advertise marijuana and related products and services cannot be transported in the mail controlled by the Federal Government. The problem for the newspapers, and the reason that the USPS has jurisdiction here to begin with, is because, like many small town and local newspapers, many of these publications rely on the mail to deliver issues to subscribers. In most cases, this is because mailing ends up being a less expensive and more efficient than traditional methods of newspaper delivery. The newspapers could, I suppose, respond to this pronouncement by switching to another method of distribution, but that’s likely to be more costly and may be beyond the financial capacity of many of these publications. By relying on the Postal Service, though, the newspapers also subject themselves to the jurisdiction of the Federal law enforcement. What makes this latest USPS pronouncement odd is that the agency does not have the authority to refuse to mail the newspapers if they contain banned material. Instead, as noted in the linked article, they can only turn the matter over to Postal Inspectors to investigate at which point it would be up to law enforcement to decide whether or not to take legal action against the newspapers and/or the advertisers. Given the fact that the current Administration has taken the position that it will not seek to enforce Federal laws regarding marijuana in states where it is legal, the publications probably don’t have anything to worry about right now. A change in Administration, though, or an overly aggressive United States Attorney, could mean that these publications could find themselves in legal jeopardy.
Even if this new advisory from the Postal Service doesn’t stop newspapers in states like Oregon and Colorado from running ads for marijuana in the short term, it points out yet another problem with the legal status of marijuana in the United States. Notwithstanding the progress that is being made at the state level, most recently with the news that Delaware had become the latest state to decriminalize marijuana, Federal Law still considers marijuana to be a drug as dangerous and illegal as heroin and cocaine. As long as that’s the case, every person in every state that uses, possess, sells, or advertises marijuana products, and anyone who deals with them, is taking a risk of being prosecuted, investigated, or charged by the Federal Government. In this case, newspapers that are doing nothing other than accepting advertising copy from perfectly legal businesses are risking their financial futures. This could be changed with Congressional action, of course, but that seems unlikely given the fact that, well, Congress is Congress. It could also be fixed if the Drug Enforcement Administration took marijuana off the list of Schedule I drugs and listed it as a less dangerous substance. While there has been some talk about doing just that, the DEA has not acted on the several occasions the matter has been brought to his attention. As a political matter, Hillary Clinton and the other candidates for the Democratic Presidential nomination have come out in favor of the regulatory change,. Among Republicans, there are obvious concerns that a Republican President could put people in states where marijuana legalized or decriminalized in legal jeopardy, but there are also signs from Capitol Hill that Republicans may be willing to soften their stance on this issue, including possibly the idea of turning the jurisdiction over this issue to the states, with the Federal Government only concentrating on international trafficking and related issues. That would certainly be a saner way to approach this matter than what we’re doing today, which results in absurd results like the Postal Service purporting to regulate the adds that a small town paper in Oregon can run.
H/T: Jazz Shaw
