As the United Kingdom heads into a six-week election period that will decide the fate of Brexit, Nicholas Kristof ponders whether it will lead to the end of not only the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Union but of the United Kingdom itself:
Economists largely agree that Brexit will cause both trade and G.D.P. to suffer. One study estimates that Britain may already be 3 percent poorer simply because of planning for Brexit. Another puts the long-term decline at 3.5 percent; a different one estimates a 6 percent drop in the medium term. As The Economist magazine noted, Johnson’s Brexit plan would be even worse for the U.K. economy than that of his predecessor, Theresa May.
Johnson’s Brexit would leave Northern Ireland more integrated with Ireland than with the rest of Britain. And as religion becomes less important on both sides of the border, pressure for Irish unification will grow. One recent poll found a small majority in Northern Ireland in favor of leaving the U.K. and merging with Ireland — although the brakes may come from an Ireland wary of inheriting the weaker Northern Ireland economy.
“Paradoxically, Mr. Johnson and Brexit may have done more for a United Ireland than the I.R.A. ever did,” Jonathan Powell, who was chief of staff to Prime Minister Tony Blair, wrote in The Financial Times. Powell warned that Johnson’s plan may “mark the end of the union, leaving a Little Englander government ruling a Little England.”
In Scotland as well, a poll shows a plurality now in favor of independence, and there are already calls for a new referendum on independence.
“The best future for Scotland is one as an equal, independent European nation,” said Nicola Sturgeon, the first minister of Scotland. “That is a choice I’m determined to ensure is given to the people of Scotland.”
Pragmatism may restrain Scots in the end, for Scotland presumably would then be out of the European Union and would find itself creating a border with England as well. It’s far from clear that the European Union would welcome Scotland back, for fear of encouraging separatists in places like Catalonia.
Even Wales seems fed up. One survey found that 41 percent of people in Wales would favor separation if they could remain in the European Union.
NBC News hit the same notes in a report last month:
The United Kingdom has 215 nuclear weapons and a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council, and has been Washington’s best friend for decades.
Less than 100 years ago it ruled over Canada, Nigeria, India, Australia and more, covering almost a quarter of the world’s territory and population.
Yet in recent months there has been growing alarm that the U.K. is in danger of breaking apart. Nothing like this has happened before — not to a modern democracy with such geopolitical and historical standing.
The U.K. is unusual because it comprises four nations: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Were one of these to leave the U.K., many would see it as a dismal end to centuries of British history, further diminishing its role as a cornerstone of the Western postwar alliance.
“We should be genuinely worried. There’s no doubt about that,” former Prime Minister Tony Blair told NBC News in an interview.
The United Kingdom has 215 nuclear weapons and a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council, and has been Washington’s best friend for decades.
Less than 100 years ago it ruled over Canada, Nigeria, India, Australia and more, covering almost a quarter of the world’s territory and population.
Yet in recent months there has been growing alarm that the U.K. is in danger of breaking apart. Nothing like this has happened before — not to a modern democracy with such geopolitical and historical standing.
The U.K. is unusual because it comprises four nations: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Were one of these to leave the U.K., many would see it as a dismal end to centuries of British history, further diminishing its role as a cornerstone of the Western postwar alliance.
“It’s incredible to me,” he said. “The factors at work here have come into play, not through some act of God, but because people created them.”
In fact all five of the U.K.’s living former leaders warn that this is no longer some vague hypothetical; the possible roadmap to disintegration is now clear. Scotland or Northern Ireland — or both — could conceivably hold referendums to leave the U.K. within the next five to 10 years.
“We should be genuinely worried. There’s no doubt about that,” former Prime Minister Tony Blair told NBC News in an interview.
The NBC report, which is too lengthy to fairly summarize, goes on to detail the situation on the ground in each of the constituent nations of the United Kingdom and finds that support for some sort of independence in the event of a break with the European Union to be growing. It’s strongest, not surprisingly, in Scotland, which has already had one bite at the apple of independence but also exists in Northern Ireland thanks to the border issue. The support for independence is smaller in Wales, in no small part I’d imagine because it is entirely unclear how an independent Wales would be able to effectively govern itself. Even England appears to be rethinking its position in the U.K., especially considering the fact that it is the only constituent member of the U.K. that doesn’t have an independent Parliament.
To put things in perspective, Northern Ireland has been a part of the United Kingdom since England annexed Ireland in the mid-1600s, Scotland has been part of the United Kingdom since the Union Treaty of 1707, and Wales has been joined to England since at least 1535 and has been more or less cleaved to England since 1282. More recently, the open border between Northern Ireland and Ireland has been one of the primary factors that has kept the peace there for the past two decades.
As noted, the prospect of decoupling from the United Kingdom has not gone over well in any of thee areas. Scotland and Northern Ireland where all areas of the country where support for the “Remain” side in 2016 Brexit referendum, as this map created based on the results of the vote shows: (Blue represents Remain, while Red represents Leave.)
As the map shows, the vast majority of England voted in favor of Leave while the majority of Scotland and Ireland voted for Remain. Remain also had strong support in and around London, and on the southwestern coast of the island, which roughly corresponds to the location of Wales.
As noted, each of these constituent countries of the United Kingdom has at least talked recently about independence in the wake of Brexit, which Scotland being the loudest in that regard. In fact, a recent poll in Scotland showed a majority supporting another independence referendum in the event Brexit becomes a reality. Since it appears that Brexit is inevitable it’s likely that we’ll see another push for Scottish independence in its wake. Additionally, talk of independence or joining the Irish Republic has become far more common in Northern Ireland as the reality of Brexit gets closer. Losing some or all of those parts of the United Kingdom, the loss of Wales seemingly being the least likely, would be the biggest diminution in the power, influence size, and status of the “United Kingdom” since the British Empire broke apart after the end of World War II. Indeed, if all of this comes to pass, one has to wonder if it would even make sense to refer to the “United Kingdom” by that name anymore.
What would such an England amount to? Well, it would have far less influence on the world stage than it does today and would likely become far more dependent on the United States than at any other point since the beginning of the “special relationship.” Additionally, detaching from the European Union would not mean the end of the United Kingdom’s need to have a good relationship with its European neighbors. Indeed, it would likely make the need for such a relationship even stronger, something that would work to the advantage of the E.U. in any trade negotiations.
One has to wonder if the narrow majority that voted to leave the E.U. thought about all of this, or much of anything for that matter when they made what seems to be an increasingly unwise decision.
